Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42147106›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026

Future landscapes of women's hormone-sensitive cancers: unraveling global trends, age stratification, and regional inequities (1990-2035).

Yi Zhou, Min Jiang, Yutao Wu, Jiao Wang, Xiaoyu Li, Ke Shen, Tao He, Chi Zhang, Hui Zong, Rongrong Wu and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yi ZhouDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Min JiangDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yutao WuDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Jiao WangDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Xiaoyu LiDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Ke ShenDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Tao HeDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Chi ZhangDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Hui ZongDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Rongrong WuDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Rajeev K SinglaDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Qing LvDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Bairong ShenDepartment of Breast Surgery and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Hormone-sensitive cancers (HSCs) pose a significant threat to women's health, with global rising incidence rates. This study provides the most up-to-date assessment of the global burden of HSCs. Methods: We retrieved HSC burden data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (1990-2021), categorized by age groups, and extracted risk factors linked to HSC mortality. Age-standardized incidence (ASIR), Age-standardized death (ASDR), and Age-standardized DALY rates (ASDiR), along with estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC), were used to evaluate HSC burden. Decomposition analysis identified contributing factors, while inequality and frontier analyses highlighted regional disparities and burden reduction potential across social development levels. The Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model forecasted HSC burden trends to 2035. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the reproductive age group showed the fastest increase in ASIR for HSCs (EAPC = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.38-0.49), whereas the elderly adult group experienced a slight decline (EAPC = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.14-0.01). Both ASDR and ASDiR decreased across all age groups. For ASDR, the EAPCs were -0.52 (CI: -0.61-0.42) in reproductive age group, -0.61 (CI: -0.65-0.56) in pre-elderly adults, and -0.61 (CI: -0.65-0.56) in elderly adults. The corresponding EAPCs for ASDiR were -0.43 (CI: -0.52-0.33), -0.54 (CI: -0.59-0.50), and -0.61 (CI: -0.65-0.56), respectively. In 2021, breast cancer (BC) was the dominant HSC subtype, with ASIRs of 28.81 (UI: 26.84-30.94), 141.92 (UI: 132.94-152.15), and 194.89 (UI: 159.93-212.76) per 100,000 in reproductive, pre-elderly and elderly groups, respectively. ASIR increased with higher socio-demographic index (SDI), whereas ASDR and ASDiR rose initially then declined with increasing SDI. Dietary risks, alcohol use, and tobacco were the leading contributors to BC burden. The contribution of high fasting plasma glucose to BC increased globally among the reproductive-age women, while high body mass index (BMI) showed rising contribution to ovarian and uterine cancer burden in middle- to low-SDI regions. BAPC projections suggest that these trends are likely to continue through 2035. Conclusions: The global burden of HSCs continues to increase, with notable age and regional disparities in incidence and mortality. Lower SDI countries face faster-growing rates compared to higher SDI countries, a trend projected to persist through 2035.

Indexed as

Neoplasms, Hormone-DependentWomen's HealthAdultAgedAge FactorsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedRisk FactorsYoung Adultbreast cancercancer epidemiologyhormone-sensitive cancersovarian cancerSDI inequalityuterine cancer

Identifiers

PMID42147106
PMCPMC13177307

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.