ArticleBiomaterial investigations in dentistry2026
Cytotoxicity evaluation of different clear aligner systems on human primary gingival fibroblasts: an in vitro study.
Article in Biomaterial investigations in dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Clear aligners, widely adopted in modern orthodontics, are designed to stay in constant contact with the oral mucosa for extended durations. Persistent concerns exist about the possible leaching of cytotoxic agents like bisphenol-A from these materials, which have heightened the need for rigorous biocompatibility evaluation. Among various assays, the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay is a reliable in vitro method, which assesses metabolic activity and cell viability, making it a gold standard for cytotoxicity screening. Objective: The objective was to assess and contrast the potential cell-damaging effects of three different clear aligner brands - Invisalign Methods: Aligner pellets were immersed in normal saline for 30 days at 37°C. Eluents were diluted to 5, 10, and 20% concentrations. HGFs were exposed to these eluents for 48 hours, and cytotoxicity was assessed via MTT assay. To assess the survival rate of the cells, light absorbance was recorded at a wavelength of 570 nanometers. Results: Invisalign Conclusion: Material composition critically influences cytotoxicity. Invisalign
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