Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42146150›Full record

ArticleACS omega2026

X‑rays to Probe Compression across Scales in Rigid Polyurethane Foams: Molecular Simulations and Synchrotron Experiments.

Jacopo Lavazza, Jula C Schroeder, Qicheng Zhang, Charles de Kergariou, Oier Bikondoa, Jemma L Rowlandson, Tulio Hallak Panzera, Wuge H Briscoe, Fabrizio Scarpa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jacopo LavazzaBristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-218X
Jula C SchroederBristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9846-0309
Qicheng ZhangBristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
Charles de KergariouBristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
Oier BikondoaXMaS, The UK CRG Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble 38043, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9004-9032
Jemma L RowlandsonBristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8450-1096
Tulio Hallak PanzeraCentre for Innovation and Technology in Composite Materials, Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Federal University of São João del Rei, São João del Rei 36301-158, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Wuge H BriscoeSchool of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-960X
Fabrizio ScarpaBristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-4834

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rigid polyurethane (PU) foams are widely used in engineering applications. This is underpinned by their multiscale and hierarchical structure, characterized by a nanometric segmented PU morphology and a closed-pore microstructure which determine the macroscopic material response. This work correlates the macroscopic behavior of rigid polyurethane foams derived from castor oil with their nanomorphological (in the crystalline domains) evolution upon compression. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to model the behavior of the PU chains in an ellipsoidal closed-pore structure, as well as the foam's mechanical properties and X-ray diffractogram. Macro-scale experimental and MD simulation results were correlated using the Nagy model to account for strain rate effects. Synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements were performed on the foams before and after compression, with the results compared with simulated diffractograms. A shift in the interplane spacing in the semicrystalline phase of the hard PU segments was observed upon compression, indicating a change in the nanostructure resulting from macroscopic mechanical loading.

Identifiers

PMID42146150
PMCPMC13177015

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.