ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2026
A Global Propensity Score-matched Analysis of 56,992 Nicotine-dependent Versus Nondependent Breast Reconstruction Cases.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Nicotine dependence is known to cause impaired wound healing and increase risk of surgical complications; nonetheless, the literature lacks evidence regarding the risks of capsular contracture and other implant-related complications. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the TriNetX global health research network. Patients undergoing breast reconstruction were categorized into 2 cohorts: those with nicotine dependence documented within 6 months before surgery and those without nicotine use. Results: Propensity score matching was performed, resulting in balanced cohorts of 28,496 patients each. The nicotine dependence cohort had a higher incidence of seroma formation (risk ratio [RR] = 1.224 [1.177-1.274]; Conclusions: Nicotine dependence increases the risk of many surgical complications in breast reconstruction, consistent with previous studies. Interestingly, it also increases the risk of capsular contracture and other implant-related mechanical complications (malposition/displacement, rupture). These results emphasize the need for smoking and nicotine cessation before breast reconstruction.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.