ArticleJournal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects2025
Psychological factors and salivary biomarkers (cortisol and opiorphin) in erosive oral lichen planus: A case-control study.
Article in Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a persistent inflammatory condition associated with the immune system. Its etiology remains unclear; nevertheless, it seems that individuals with OLP have elevated levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and salivary cortisol. On the other hand, it is expected that the extent of salivary opiorphin changes in the orofacial pain and inflammatory lesions will be high. Moreover, stress, anxiety, depression, salivary cortisol, and salivary opiorphin may affect the perception of pain in OLP patients. Methods: This case‒control study included 42 participants: 21 patients with OLP and 21 healthy individuals. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) 14, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were employed to evaluate depression, stress, perceived pain, and anxiety in the case group, respectively. Salivary samples were also collected. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and MEDCALC software at the 0.05 significance level. Results: The level of salivary opiorphin was significantly lower in the case group ( Conclusion: The present study found that in patients with erosive OLP, salivary opiorphin levels were lower and salivary cortisol levels were higher than in healthy individuals.
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