SynthesisFrontiers in public health2026
Findings on e-cigarette flavors and their implications for human health: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: This systematic review evaluated the scientific evidence on the effects of flavors in electronic cigarettes in animal models and their impact on human health, aiming to understand the potential risks associated with their use. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted using MeSH terms such as "e-cigarettes AND flavor AND nicotine AND e-liquid AND cytotoxicity AND cellular damage and health AND adolescent AND young people." We selected original studies that evaluated tissue damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in animal models, as well as health outcomes in humans. Results: Fruity, menthol/mint, and sweet flavors increase nicotine consumption and preference for e-cigarettes in animal models and are also linked to inflammation, cellular damage, and cardiovascular changes. In humans, these flavors have been associated with respiratory symptoms, reduced lung function, and DNA damage in oral cells. Neurological effects, such as activation of reward circuits, have also been observed. Conclusion: The evidence available to date suggests that these products can be as harmful to health as combustible cigarettes. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261346170.
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