Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42144807›Full record

ArticleSmall methods2026

Enhancing Dose Efficiency of Optimum Bright-Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Using a Phase-Shifted Electron Probe.

Mitsuru Nogami, Takehito Seki, Kousuke Ooe, Naoya Shibata

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Small methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mitsuru NogamiInstitute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Takehito SekiInstitute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5437-6351
Kousuke OoeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-3821
Naoya ShibataInstitute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3548-5952

Funding

Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology JPMJFR245VJapan Science and Technology Agency JPMJPR21AAJapan Society for the Promotion of Science JPJSJRP20241703JSPS KAKENHI JP22KJ3209JSPS KAKENHI JP23K13553JSPS KAKENHI JP24K01294JSPS KAKENHI JP25H00793JST ERATO JPMJER2202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Observing beam-sensitive materials using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) at low electron dose conditions is challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of images. In this study, we aimed to improve the SNR of optimum bright-field (OBF) STEM by introducing phase shifts to the incident electron probe using lens aberrations. Theoretical analysis and multislice simulations revealed that spherical aberration enhances low-frequency contrast without introducing image artifacts, unlike simple defocus, which causes oscillations in the contrast transfer function. This approach improves the visibility of structural features in low-dose conditions and may enable more efficient imaging of beam-sensitive materials such as zeolites.

Indexed as

optimum bright fieldptychographyscanning transmission electron microscopy

Identifiers

PMID42144807
PMCPMC13244290

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.