ReviewJournal of eating disorders2026
Clinical guidance for the use of nasogastric tube feeding under restraint in eating disorders care: a systematic scoping review.
Review in Journal of eating disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPersistent dietary restriction can result in people with eating disorders becoming so severely physically and mentally compromised that they are considered a risk to their own life. In these circumstances, individuals may be subjected to involuntary treatments, including nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding under restraint. This systematic scoping review identifies and assesses the evidence available to healthcare professionals to inform clinical practice decisions related to NGT feeding under restraint in eating disorder care, and highlights gaps in knowledge to be addressed in future research. MAIN TEXT: Six electronic databases, six grey literature sites, 12 professional bodies, and four eating disorder conference websites were searched in May 2025. 36 sources met inclusion criteria, including: peer reviewed papers and practice guidelines. Peer-reviewed literature (22) included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research studies, and systematic reviews. Grey literature (14) included practice guidance in the form of expert opinion, expert consensus, and practice standards. A narrative review was structured using deductive analysis focused on the following research questions in relation to eating disorders care: (1) where and how is NGT feeding under restraint happening? (2) how are healthcare professionals making decisions about when and how to use NGT feeding under restraint? (3) what are patients, parents/carers, and healthcare professionals' experiences of NGT feeding under restraint? And (4) what are the patient outcomes of NGT feeding under restraint?
conclusionsThere is clear guidance that NGT feeding under restraint should be delivered minimally, as a lifesaving intervention in line with the legal principle of 'least restrictive practice'. No comprehensive, multi-disciplinary guidelines or frameworks were identified to support achieving this in practice. Further research is required to improve understanding of who is at risk of receiving NGT feeding under restraint, the long- and short-term risks associated with its use, and what care processes can improve patient outcomes. Future research should support development of multi-disciplinary guidance to improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.