Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42144138›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2026

Depressive and insomnia symptoms and incident dementia risk: A 12-year study in U.S. older adults.

Sofia Liu, Zixuan He, Claire Wang, Xiaoyue Liu, Nada Lukkahatai, Junxin Li

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Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sofia LiuSchool of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Zixuan HeBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Claire WangSchool of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Xiaoyue LiuUniversity of New York Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
Nada LukkahataiSchool of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Junxin LiSchool of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. Electronic address: Junxin.li@jhu.edu.

Funding

Strength-Based Health Equity Across the Life CourseT32NR020315 · NINR · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HAE-RA HAN · 2022 to 2026
$1.8M
NINR NIH HHS T32 NR020315
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDepressive and insomnia symptoms are common in late life and have each been associated with increased dementia risk. However, their co-occurrence and potential combined effects on cognitive outcomes remain understudied. We examined the independent and joint associations of time-varying depressive and insomnia symptoms with incident dementia among community-dwelling older adults.

methodsData were drawn from 13 rounds (2011-2023) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Participants (N = 6226) without dementia at baseline were followed for up to 12 years. Depressive symptoms and insomnia symptoms were self-reported and classified as neither-symptom, depressive-only, insomnia-only, or co-occurring. Incident dementia was determined using self/proxy reports, cognitive testing, and the AD8. Survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards and competing-risk models estimated hazard ratios (HRs).

resultsCo-occurring symptoms were associated with higher dementia hazard than neither (HR = 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-1.53) and insomnia-only (HR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03-1.51) but did not differ from depression-only (HR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.84-1.05). Age modified associations (p = 0.019), with contrasts more apparent before age 75 and the depression-only group showing higher dementia hazard than the co-occurring group at age ≥ 75.

conclusionFindings support joint assessment of mood and sleep symptoms to identify older adults at elevated dementia risk and suggest that depressive symptoms may be more informative than insomnia symptoms for risk stratification in later life, with heterogeneity by age.

Indexed as

DementiaDepressionSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsUnited StatesAgingCognitive impairmentDementiaDepressive symptomsLongitudinal studyOlder adultsSleep disturbance

Identifiers

PMID42144138
PMCPMC13330790

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.