Covalent Gelatin-Cyclodextrin Nanocarrier Systems for Pistacia atlantica Essential Oil: Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Molecular Docking Studies.

Kamalluddin Zahedi, Sedigheh Hashemnia, Zaynab Mokhtari

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Chemistry & biodiversity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kamalluddin ZahediDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.

Sedigheh HashemniaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2886-3011

Zaynab MokhtariDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.

Funding

Research Council of the Persian Gulf University

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Essential oil from Pistacia atlantica gum is rich in bioactive terpenes but limited by volatility and poor stability. Here, a chemically integrated nanogel system was developed by covalent conjugation of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) to gelatin (CNG), followed by supramolecular stabilization with Tween 20 (CNGT) for essential oil encapsulation (CNGTO) using O/W emulsification and freeze-drying. Two formulations with different loadings were prepared: CNGTO(1) (46.5%) and CNGTO(2) (56.5%). Dynamic light scattering revealed mean particle sizes ranging from 176.3 nm (CNG) to 693 nm (CNGTO(2)), depending on formulation and oil content. Encapsulation efficiencies reached 77.5% ± 1.4% and 81.4% ± 1.7% for CNGTO(1) and CNGTO(2), respectively. Encapsulation reduced the release rate compared to free oil, showing a biphasic release profile over 96 h. Although total antioxidant capacity of encapsulated samples (128.4-145.2 µg ascorbic acid equivalents g

Indexed as

AntioxidantsCyclodextrinsDrug CarriersGelatinMolecular Docking SimulationNanoparticlesOils, VolatilePistaciaBiphenyl CompoundsParticle SizePicrates1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazylAntioxidantsBiphenyl CompoundsCyclodextrinsDrug CarriersGelatinOils, VolatilePicratesantioxidantencapsulationessential oilmolecular dockingPistacia atlantica

Identifiers

PMID42143737

DOI10.1002/cbdv.202503163

PMCPMC13376721

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.