ArticlePlant cell reports2026
SlERF-RD1 acts as a developmental coordinator integrating plant canopy architecture and the ethylene-mediated ripening cascade in tomato.
Article in Plant cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
key messageSlERF-RD1 acts as a molecular brake, resulting in a decoupled ripening phenotype with delayed softening, while simultaneously optimizing plant architecture and flowering time, suggesting its potential for improving tomato shelf-life and productivity. Fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a complex developmental process coordinated by a hierarchical network of transcription factors and the phytohormone ethylene. In this study, we identified and characterized SlERF-RD1 (Solyc02g077790), a member of the AP2/ERF superfamily, as a strategic negative regulator of ripening and a coordinator of plant architecture. Transcriptomic meta-analysis revealed that SlERF-RD1 is highly sensitive to ethylene and displays spatiotemporal enrichment in locular tissues, suggesting an early role in the ripening cascade. Stable overexpression of SlERF-RD1 in tomato resulted in a significantly delayed onset of ripening, characterized by a 40-47% reduction in climacteric ethylene production and altered, tissue-specific carotenoid accumulation. Molecular analysis showed that these phenotypes are driven by the transcriptional down-regulation of the master regulator SlRIN and the rate-limiting carotenoid gene SlPSY1. Notably, SlERF-RD1-OE fruits maintained superior firmness during late ripening stages, which was correlated with the significant suppression of the cell wall-modifying genes SlPG2A and SlEXP1. Furthermore, we identified Solyc01g108880 as a novel co-expressed target that is up-regulated explicitly at the red-ripe stage, suggesting a late-stage cell wall reinforcement mechanism. Beyond fruit attributes, SlERF-RD1 overexpression reconfigured plant architecture into a more compact canopy and accelerated the floral transition by up-regulating SlSFT. Our findings demonstrate that SlERF-RD1 promotes an asynchronous, firm-ripe fruit phenotype, while supporting optimized vegetative growth. This study highlights SlERF-RD1 as a high-potential target for genetic strategies aimed at enhancing both crop architecture and post-harvest shelf-life.
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