Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42143133›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Neuro-evolutionary computing approach for an epidemic model of ransomware detection using morlet wavelet neural network with meta-heuristic optimization.

Zain Ul Abideen Khan, Muhammad Abid Mughal, Irfan Ul Haq, Muhammad Naeem Aslam, Bouthaina Dammak, Abdullatif Ghallab

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zain Ul Abideen KhanDepartment of Computer and Information Sciences (DCIS), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan.
Muhammad Abid MughalDepartment of Computer and Information Sciences (DCIS), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan.
Irfan Ul HaqDepartment of Computer and Information Sciences (DCIS), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan.
Muhammad Naeem AslamDepartment of Mathematics, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan. muhammadnaeemaslam10@gmail.com.
Bouthaina DammakDepartment of Computer Science, Applied College, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullatif GhallabDepartment of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology , Sana'a, Yemen. ghallab@ust.edu.ye.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents an algorithmic paradigm that will address a malware model in the form of a nonlinear set of differential equations. The neural networks are Morlet wavelet as estimate the state variables of the malware behavior. To maximize the network performance, we use a heuristic optimization algorithm that optimizes the network parameters to achieve rapid convergence and accurate performance. The learning stage is designed and constructed on the basis of a fitness criterion which is based on the residuals of the governing equations and the initial conditions. We discuss two various cases in order to test the strength of proposed approach. In both, the mean squared errors (MSE) of between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which point to the accuracy of the scheme. Furthermore, the values of Theil inequality coefficient (TIC) are between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with strong predictive powers. The stability of optimization process is checked by the comparative behavior with the several runs. We find the results in perfect agreement with reference solutions, which suggests that our framework is an effective and useful substitute to traditional numerical solvers to malware dynamic systems.

Indexed as

Dynamical modelingMalwareMeta-heuristicNeural networksRansomware detection

Identifiers

PMID42143133
PMCPMC13369816

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.