Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42143083›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Leveraging LLMs and social media to understand user perception of smartphone-based earthquake early warnings.

Hanjing Wang, S Mostafa Mousavi, Patrick Robertson, Richard M Allen, Alexei Barski, Robert Bosch, Nivetha Thiruverahan, Youngmin Cho, Tajinder Gadh, Steve Malkos and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Hanjing WangDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
S Mostafa MousaviDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. smousavi@fas.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-5370
Patrick RobertsonGoogle Germany GmbH, Munich, Germany.
Richard M AllenGoogle LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Alexei BarskiGoogle LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Robert BoschGoogle LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Nivetha ThiruverahanGoogle LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Youngmin ChoGoogle LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Tajinder GadhGoogle LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Steve MalkosGoogle LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Boone SpoonerGoogle LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Greg WimpeyGoogle LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Marc StogaitisGoogle LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Android's Earthquake Alert (AEA) system provided timely early warnings to millions during the Mw 6.2 Marmara Ereğlisi, Türkiye earthquake on April 23, 2025. This event, the largest in the region in 25 years, served as a critical real-world test for smartphone-based Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems. The AEA system successfully delivered alerts to users with high precision, offering over a minute of warning before the strongest shaking reached urban areas. This study leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to analyze more than 500 public social media posts from the X platform, extracting 42 distinct attributes related to user experience and behavior. Statistical analyses revealed significant relationships, notably a strong correlation between user trust and alert timeliness. Our results indicate a distinction between engineering and the user-centric definition of system accuracy. We found that timeliness is accuracy in the user's mind. Overall, this study provides actionable insights for optimizing alert design, public education campaigns, and future behavioral research to improve the effectiveness of such systems in seismically active regions.

Identifiers

PMID42143083
PMCPMC13369201

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.