ReviewTrends in immunology2026
Rethinking the origins and functions of adaptive immunity.
Review in Trends in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The adaptive immune system (AIS) is traditionally viewed as a defensive vertebrate innovation forged by pathogen pressure. Yet many of its core features suggest it is a homeostatic, regulatory circuit, not simply a sophisticated means of antimicrobial warfare. The horizontal transfer of mitochondria--endogenous endosymbiotic organelles-is a conserved mechanism for maintaining tissue homeostasis through metabolic rescue but can alter a cell's identity and provoke immune responses. We propose that escalating multicellular complexity accommodated mitochondrial mobility-and the inevitable intrinsic immunological danger it presents-through a complementary supervisory system with buffering (tolerance), contextualization (specificity), memory, and eliminatory capacities. This perspective reframes the AIS as a constitutive danger management network, integrating tissue homeostasis, metabolic surveillance, immune tolerance, and immunological defense.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.