ReviewBioMed research international2026
Ricin as a Biothreat Agent: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Toxicology, Forensic Aspects, and Risk Mitigation.
Review in BioMed research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Potential and Industrial Applications ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Medico-legal aspects of fatal ricin poisoning: a systematic review of clinical manifestations, toxicological findings and autopsy results.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Review
- Ricin as a Biothreat Agent: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Toxicology, Forensic Aspects, and Risk Mitigation.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Ricinine toxicity in susceptible lepidoptera involves perturbations inFrontiers in physiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Ricin, a potent ribosome-inactivating protein derived from the seeds of Ricinus communis L., represents a significant threat in the context of biological warfare and terrorism due to its high toxicity, ease of extraction, and lack of a specific antidote. This review provides a comprehensive examination of ricin's biochemical structure, toxicological mechanisms, and clinical manifestations, alongside its historical and potential use as a weapon. The paper explores the global distribution and utility of the castor bean plant, outlines the molecular basis of ricin's cytotoxicity, and evaluates current medical and technological countermeasures. Furthermore, it assesses international legal frameworks and policy instruments aimed at mitigating the misuse of biological agents. Case studies of ricin-related incidents underscore the toxin's appeal to both state and nonstate actors, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance, public awareness, and interdisciplinary preparedness. The findings emphasize the dual-use dilemma posed by ricin and advocate for sustained international cooperation to address emerging biothreats.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.