ArticleMetabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society2026
Nutrient-induced germination of Bacillus subtilis spores exhibiting shared metabolic profiles in both TSB and AGFK media.
Article in Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionBacillus subtilis is a spore-forming bacterium commonly implicated in food spoilage and foodborne illnesses due to its resistance to harsh conditions. Upon exposure to favorable environments, the spores germinate and resume metabolic activity and thus pose a risk to food safety. Detecting early germination stages is thus crucial for preventing contamination and subsequent illness outbreaks.
objectivesThis study evaluated the potential of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics to identify significant metabolites released during Bacillus subtilis OSU 494 spore germination using two nutrient germinants. The goal was to uncover biomarkers that could support improved detection strategies in food safety applications.
methodsThe spores were induced to germinate using either tryptic soy broth (TSB) or L-asparagine, D-glucose, D-fructose, and potassium chloride (AGFK). The samples were collected hourly over 4 h and analyzed using an 850 MHz NMR spectrometer with a triple-resonance cryoprobe. 1D-¹H NOESY and 2D ¹H-¹³C HSQC spectra were obtained. Spectral binning and linear modeling were then applied to identify significant metabolic features.
resultsThe AGFK-induced germination yielded dipicolinic acid (DPA), L-alanine, acetic acid, L-phenylalanine, and formic, succinic, and fumaric acids. The TSB-induced germination produced DPA, L-alanine, L-phenylalanine, acetic and fumaric acids.
conclusionSeveral metabolites were consistently released during germination in both nutrient conditions. These metabolites, particularly DPA and L-alanine, served as reliable biomarkers for the Bacillus subtilis spore germination. They then provided valuable insights for developing rapid detection tools to enhance food safety monitoring and contamination control.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.