Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42141880›Full record

Observational studyEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2026

Waning humoral immunity following monkeypox virus infection and vaccination, Canada, 2020 to 2023.

Jérémie Prévost, Sarah J Medina, Ana Citlali Márquez, Kristina Dimitrova, Tahereh Valadbeigy, Gabrielle Angelo P Cortez, Mruthula Narayan, William C Carson, Michael B Townsend, Agatha N Jassem and 1 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jérémie PrévostSpecial Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Sarah J MedinaSpecial Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Ana Citlali MárquezDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Kristina DimitrovaSpecial Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Tahereh ValadbeigyBritish Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Gabrielle Angelo P CortezBritish Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Mruthula NarayanBritish Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
William C CarsonPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States.
Michael B TownsendPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States.
Agatha N JassemDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
David SafronetzDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUNDMonkeypox virus (MPXV) has spread globally to non-endemic countries in recent years and has the potential to cause recurrent outbreaks. Vaccine breakthrough infections and reinfections are suggested to be linked to immunity waning over time.AIMWe aimed to determine how long individuals remain protected following MPXV infection and if vaccination can be used as a public heath measure to elicit durable protective immune responses.METHODSThis retrospective observational study investigated the durability of humoral immune responses in a longitudinal cohort of 46 individuals infected with MPXV during the 2022 global mpox outbreak. We collected 86 blood samples up to 7 months after infection, and analysed the antibody responses against MPXV with a serological assay using a panel of eight viral antigens.RESULTSMonitoring of antibody kinetics revealed transient IgM responses in the first weeks following infection and a robust polyclonal IgG response that peaked 1-2 months after infection but declined consistently in the following months. Post-exposure immunisation with third-generation modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccine did not seem to increase significantly the strength, breadth or longevity of antibody responses. Using a separate cohort of 25 uninfected long-term MVA-BN vaccinees, we observed low to undetectable seropositivity against most MPXV antigens after 30 months.CONCLUSIONAs circulating antibody titres have been identified as a correlate of protection against mpox, declining antibody levels raise concerns for mpox susceptibility in previously infected and vaccinated persons. This warrants further evaluation of long-term vaccine effectiveness to inform booster vaccination guidance.

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralImmunity, HumoralMonkeypox virusMpox, MonkeypoxVaccinationViral VaccinesAdultCanadaDisease OutbreaksFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MViral VaccinesAntibodyImmunityMonkeypox virusMpoxMPXVMVA-BN vaccineOrthopoxvirusSerologySerosurveillance

Identifiers

PMID42141880
PMCPMC13074483

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.