Observational studyAddiction (Abingdon, England)2026
Day-level associations between protective behavioral strategies and alcohol consequences among young adults enrolled vs. not enrolled in college.
Observational study in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Day-level associations between protective behavioral strategies and alcohol consequences among young adults enrolled vs. not enrolled in college.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsProtective behavioral strategies (PBS) are designed to minimize negative alcohol-related consequences. They include limiting/stopping, manner-of-drinking (e.g. avoiding shots or drinking games) and serious harm reduction strategies. This secondary analysis measured day-level, within-person associations between PBS and alcohol-related consequences (including alcohol-induced blackout) among young adults enrolled and not enrolled in college.
designObservational study using ambulatory assessments each morning for 30 days.
settingUnited States.
participantsYoung adults (n = 153, 35% male, 58% White, mean age = 22 y) with a history of alcohol-induced blackout. Fifty-nine participants (39%) were enrolled in college. MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed an orientation interview, baseline self-report measures and 30 days of prospective morning reports. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze data.
findingsWithin persons, participants had lower odds of experiencing any same-day alcohol-related consequence [odds ratio (OR) = 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.25-0.53], including blackout (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.14-0.42) on days they used manner-of-drinking strategies compared with days they did not. Conversely, experiencing an alcohol-related consequence was not associated with use of manner-of-drinking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.76-1.48) or limiting/stopping (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.76-1.49) strategies on the next drinking day. College enrollment did not moderate any of the associations.
conclusionsManner-of-drinking strategies appear to reduce the odds of alcohol-related harm at the event level among young adults in the United States, whether or not they are enrolled in college. We speculate that limiting strategies (e.g. counting drinks) appear less effective because they are more difficult to implement in real-life drinking contexts.
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