Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42141529›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of social psychology2026

Police officers' prejudice and distrust towards racialized groups is related to internal motivation to suppress prejudice and negative intergroup contact.

Marleen Stelter, Iniobong Essien, Jan Malte von Bargen, Oliver Christ

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of social psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Marleen StelterFernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6546-0946
Iniobong EssienLeuphana Universität Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0277-7908
Jan Malte von BargenFernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0782-0007
Oliver ChristFernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-9278

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Racialized individuals experience different interactions with the police compared to non-racialized individuals. This study investigates biases among German police officers (N = 208) towards individuals perceived as Arab. Police officers demonstrated shooter biases in a first-person shooter task, rated Arab individuals as less trustworthy, and expressed a preference for White individuals over Arab individuals. These biases closely mirrored those found in a civilian convenience sample (N = 237), with one notable difference: police officers showed significantly greater distrust towards Arab individuals than civilians. This heightened distrust was mediated by social dominance orientation and negative perceptions of intergroup contact. Additionally, internal motivation to suppress prejudice was as a strong predictor of both group preference and distrust in both samples. Collectively, these findings highlight that police officers, as a reflection of society, exhibit pervasive biases towards racialized groups, which might impact their interactions with minoritized communities.

Indexed as

MotivationPolicePrejudiceRacismSocial PerceptionTrustAdultArabsFemaleGermanyHumansMaleMiddle AgedSocial DominanceSocial GroupYoung Adultdiscriminationintergroup contactpolice biasprejudiceshooter biasstereotypes

Identifiers

PMID42141529
PMCPMC13179431

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.