SynthesisBMC pulmonary medicine2026
Clinical features, radiological findings, and mortality in patients with e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the clinical features, radiological findings, and mortality in patients with e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI).
methodsA systematic search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Virtual Health Library, up to November 2024. Observational studies reporting clinical manifestations, imaging patterns, and outcomes in patients diagnosed with EVALI according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition were included. After full-text assessment, relevant data were extracted. Pooled prevalence estimates for clinical symptoms and radiological findings was calculated using a random-effects model, with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation to stabilize variances.
resultsThirty-eight studies were included in the final analysis, comprising 36 from the United States and 2 from Canada, with patients diagnosed between 2019 and 2022 (n = 13,516). The population consisted predominantly of adolescents and young adults, with male predominance. Most patients reported vaping for more than three months prior to symptom onset (data reported in 10 studies). Constitutional symptoms were present in 87.3% of cases (n = 1878/2555), respiratory symptoms 87.1% (n = 3657/5173), and gastrointestinal manifestations in 77.1% (n = 3164/5193). The most frequent clinical manifestations were shortness of breath (82.7%), dyspnea (81.2%), fever (79.9%), cough (77.4%), and nausea/vomiting (75.0%). Hospitalization was required in 94.4% of cases (n = 386/418), with 35.7% requiring intensive care unit admission (n = 2172/5240). Overall mortality was 0.9% (n = 217/10,635), with minimal variation across studies. The most common imaging features were bilateral pulmonary involvement (98.1%) and ground-glass opacities (94.9%).
conclusionEVALI presents with a variable clinical spectrum, primarily characterized by respiratory and constitutional symptoms. Despite its relatively low-mortality-rate, the high rates of hospitalization and ICU admission underscore the severity of this condition. Early recognition and timely medical intervention are essential to reducing morbidity and mortality, particularly among adolescents and young adults who use e-cigarettes or vaping products.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.