Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42141395›Full record

ArticleBMC geriatrics2026

Aspects of providing care for individuals with vascular dementia - a caregiver's perspective.

Bożena Majchrowicz, Krystyna Kowalczuk, Jolanta Karpińska-Ciuba, Robert Oliwa, Katarzyna Tomaszewska

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Bożena MajchrowiczDepartment of Health Sciences and Psychology, Institute of Nursing, University of Rzeszów, Collegium Medicum, Rzeszów, Poland. bozena.majchrowicz01@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-3202-1407
Krystyna KowalczukDepartment of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5680-8859
Jolanta Karpińska-CiubaDepartment of Nursing, Institute of Health Protection, State Academy of Applied Sciences, Przemyśl, Poland.ORCID 0009-0006-7452-0860
Robert OliwaDepartment of Nursing, Institute of Health Protection, State Academy of Applied Sciences, Przemyśl, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5251-1086
Katarzyna TomaszewskaDepartment of Nursing, Institute of Health Protection, The Bronisław Markiewicz Academy of Applied Sciences, Jarosław, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2129-9107

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCaregivers of individuals with vascular dementia (VaD) face various physical and psychological burdens in their daily caregiving responsibilities. This role is challenging, demanding, and often stressful due to the symptoms characteristic of this condition. The aim of this study was to assess the level of burden experienced by caregivers of individuals diagnosed with vascular dementia.

methodsThe study included a total of 351 participants. The research was conducted anonymously and voluntarily among informal caregivers of individuals with dementia. A survey questionnaire and the Caregiver Burden Scale (CB Scale) were employed. Statistical analysis was conducted using the χ² independence test, t-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.

resultsHigh caregiving burden was most commonly observed in the domains of General Burden (63.2%), Disappointment (59.8%), and Social Isolation (58.1%). A significantly lower percentage of caregivers reported high burden levels in the domains of Environmental Factors (36.8%) and Emotional Engagement (34.2%).

conclusionsOur study demonstrates that caregivers of individuals with VaD experience particularly high levels of overall burden, social isolation, and a sense of disappointment. The findings highlight the need for early interventions focused on psychosocial support, as well as preventive programs aimed at reducing caregiver strain. In the broader perspective, these results may serve as a starting point for developing comprehensive models of home care and public health targeted at caregivers of individuals with VaD.

Indexed as

CaregiversCost of IllnessDementia, VascularAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSocial IsolationSurveys and QuestionnairesInformal caregiversPhysical burdenPsychological burdenVascular dementia

Identifiers

PMID42141395
PMCPMC13348444

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.