Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42141380›Full record

Observational studyDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2026

Association between gestational diabetes, ethnicity and migrant length of residence: An Australian cohort study.

Sheila Pham, Helena Qian, James Elhindi, Olivia Byrnes, Michelle de Vroome, Geraldine Gilroy, Tanya Nippita, Gayatri Talla, Lisa White, Dipti Zachariah and 3 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Sheila PhamReproduction and Perinatal Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Helena QianReproduction and Perinatal Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
James ElhindiReproduction and Perinatal Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Olivia ByrnesNepean Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
Michelle de VroomeNorthern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Geraldine GilroyCentral Coast Local Health District, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia.
Tanya NippitaReproduction and Perinatal Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Gayatri TallaConsumer Representative, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Lisa WhiteWomen's Health Maternity, Blacktown and Mount Druitt Hospitals, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia.
Dipti ZachariahStatewide Health Literacy Hub, NSW Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
N Wah CheungReproduction and Perinatal Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6323-8006
Dharmintra PasupathyReproduction and Perinatal Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Sarah J MelovReproduction and Perinatal Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7569-1016

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsInvestigate the relationship of gestational diabetes (GDM) risk for specific migrant groups compared to the Australian born of each ethnic group and length of residence (LOR) in Australia.

methodsRetrospective observational cohort study from June 2020 to November 2023 at 10 Australian hospitals. Ethnicity was self-identified by participants. Log-binomial regression models were adjusted for confounding factors. Relative risk (RR) was determined for GDM by both ethnicity and duration of residency.

resultsThere were 60,701 participants, 32,391 (53.4%) were Australian born with South Asian the highest reported ethnic group (18.3%, n = 11,121). Women who migrated ≥5 years ago made up 31.8% (n = 19,282) of the cohort. GDM prevalence was 18.2% (n = 11,076). The recent migrant GDM rate was 2068/9028 (22.9%), LOR ≥5 years migrants were 4835/19,282 (25.1%) with Australian born 4173/32391 (12.9%). The adjusted relative risk (aRR) for GDM in migrants with an LOR <5 years was 1.37 (95%CI 1.31-1.43) when compared to Australian born. Among the ethnic groups, Middle Eastern women with LOR <5 years had the highest risk for GDM compared to those from the same ethnic group born in Australia (aRR 1.86; 95%CI 1.84-1.88).

conclusionsThis study identifies that the most ethnic migrant groups were at a higher risk of GDM than those of the same ethnicity born in Australia and this higher risk of GDM continued over time. Recognising migration effects may improve targeted and meaningful interventions to reduce GDM risk.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalEthnicityTransients and MigrantsAdultAsia, SouthernAustraliaFemaleHumansMiddle EastPregnancyPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTime Factorsacculturationethnicitygestational diabetes mellituslength of residencemigrationpregnancy

Identifiers

PMID42141380
PMCPMC13643669

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.