ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2026
Chemotherapeutic efficacy of nano formulation capecitabine@SNPs and gamma radiation: a novel metronomic approach for breast cancer treatment.
Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Despite the prevalence of various infectious and pandemic diseases worldwide, cancer remains the leading cause of death. Clinical approaches for treating cancer vary depending on the tumor type and aggressiveness, including surgery, chemo-, radio-, immune- and hormone therapies. However, the efficacy of these treatments is hindered by the high mortality rate during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, primarily due to severe side effects.This experimental study was conducted on 40 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=8). A metronomic treatment strategy was employed using intraperitoneal administration of a small dose of capecitabine loaded onto silica nanoparticles (Cap@SNPs) (377mg/kg) once weekly for a month, either singly or in combination with a low dose of gamma ionizing radiation (IR) (0.5 Gy/5 days) over six sessions, against a 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinoma model in SD rats. The antitumor effect of Cap@SNPs and/or γ-radiation was assessed by tumor volume measurements, survival analysis, biochemical and haematological parameters and gene expression profiling of selected apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes. Cell cycle phase distribution, apoptotic cells (Annexin V) and the expression of some immunomodulatory proteins were analyzed by flow cytometry. Histopathological examination was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) proteins in mammary tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The initial tumor volume across all groups was 32.8 ± 1.8 mm
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