Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Free and Bound Phenolics from Hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus) Leaves and their Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities.

Esra Esin, Semra Topuz Türker, Mustafa Bayram, Cemal Kaya

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Development of Functional Bread Fortified with Hawthorn Leaf Phenolic Extract: Evaluation of Technological Performance and Phenolic Bioaccessibility.Food science & nutrition · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Esra EsinFaculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, 60250, Türkiye. esinyasemin@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0470-0015

Semra Topuz TürkerFaculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, 60250, Türkiye.

Mustafa BayramFaculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, 60250, Türkiye.

Cemal KayaFaculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, 60250, Türkiye.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus) leaves are an underutilized plant resource with potential as a source of bioactive phenolic compounds. This study investigated the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of free and bound phenolics from hawthorn leaves and evaluated their functional properties. The extraction parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Under optimal conditions, the free phenolic content reached 78.61 mg GAE g

Indexed as

AntioxidantsCrataegusHypoglycemic AgentsPhenolsPlant ExtractsPlant Leavesalpha-Amylasesalpha-GlucosidasesFlavonoidsGlycoside Hydrolase Inhibitorsalpha-Amylasesalpha-GlucosidasesAntioxidantsFlavonoidsGlycoside Hydrolase InhibitorsHypoglycemic AgentsPhenolsPlant ExtractsAntidiabetic potentialAntioxidant activityFree and bound phenolic compoundsResponse surface methodologyUltrasound-assisted extraction

Identifiers

PMID42141147

DOI10.1007/s11130-026-01505-0

PMCPMC13179261

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.