ArticleScientific reports2026
Understanding spatial distribution variability of surface soil reaction and electrical conductivity in cultivated soils of India as influenced by some environmental factors.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Assessing and mapping spatial distribution variability of soil reaction (alkalinity and acidity denoted as soil pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) in cultivated areas is crucial for degradation monitoring, precision soil fertility management, and sustainable crop production. The distribution of soil reaction and EC is affected by several factors together with elevation (E), temperature and rainfall. We assessed spatial distribution variability of soil reaction and EC in cultivated areas of 29 states of India, and evaluated the relationship of soil pH and EC with E, average annual maximum temperature (AAMT), and average annual rainfall (AAR). Altogether, 237,496 georeferenced and representative surface (depth of 0 to15 cm depth) soil samples were collected, and processed. Subsequently, processed soil samples were analyzed for soil pH and EC. Soil pH varied from 2.80 to 10.2 (mean ± SD 6.98 ± 1.16) with coefficient of variation of 16.64%. Whereas, EC values ranged from 0.01 to 7.75 dS m
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