ArticlePest management science2026
Stability studies of cynaropicrin-major sesquiterpene lactone of Cynara cardunculus leaves.
Article in Pest management science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCynaropicrin, the major sesquiterpene lactone in Cynara cardunculus leaves, exhibits phytotoxic activity and is a promising candidate for sustainable weed management. However, its environmental stability and the biological activity of its transformation products under agronomic and soil conditions remain poorly understood. This study investigated its stability under high temperature (50 °C) and pH (5 and 8), mimicking agronomic extremes, and under soil context.
resultsCynaropicrin remained stable at 50 °C and pH 5 for up to 72 h but degraded extensively at pH 8, with an 80% concentration reduction over 7 days. Deacylcynaropicrin emerged as the major degradation product under alkaline conditions. In soil, complete degradation occurred within 7 days, producing dehydrocynaropicrin and a new compound, 4,15-dihydro-dehydrocynaropicrin. Bioassays demonstrated that both degradation products exhibited higher phytotoxic activity against P. oleracea than cynaropicrin and deacylcynaropicrin.
conclusionThis research is the first to highlight cynaropicrin's stability, characterize the structures of its degradation products, and their phytotoxicity, showing the strong impact of environmental factors and microbes. The findings underscore its ecological importance and potential for sustainable weed control. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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