Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42140188›Full record

ArticleCurrent biology : CB2026

The genetic legacy of the 17th-century colonial capital of St. Mary's City.

Éadaoin Harney, Ethan Jewett, Steven Micheletti, Roslyn Curry, Karin S Bruwelheide, William A Freyman, Henry Miller, Ali Akbari, Kathryn Barca, Katarzyna Bryc and 21 more

Abstract readHistorical Article
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In one paragraph

Article in Current biology : CB, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors.

Éadaoin Harney23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Electronic address: eadaoinh@23andme.com.
Ethan Jewett23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Steven Micheletti23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Roslyn Curry23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Karin S BruwelheideDepartment of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
William A Freyman23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Henry MillerHistoric St. Mary's City, St. Mary's City, MD 20686, USA.
Ali AkbariDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Kathryn BarcaDepartment of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
Katarzyna Bryc23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Shaeloren Deering23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Samantha Ancona Esselmann23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Kira Kalkus23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Aisling KearnsDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Alexander Moran23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Dominique T Nguyen23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Iñigo OlaldeDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Ikerbasque-Basque Foundation of Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
Jakob SedigDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Chronicle Heritage, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
Kendra SirakDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Kim CallanDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Lora IlievDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Lijun QiuDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
J Noah WorkmanDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Matthew MahDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Gregory SoosDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
23andMe Research Team23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Swapan MallickDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Nadin RohlandDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Joanna L Mountain23andMe Research Institute, 2555 Park Boulevard, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Douglas W OwsleyDepartment of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. Electronic address: owsleyd@si.edu.
David ReichDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Electronic address: reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.

Funding

Solving ascertainment bias in ancient DNA using Ultima Genomics sequencingR01HG012287 · NHGRI · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI REICH, DAVID E · 2021 to 2025
$2.7M
Scalable methods for the characterization and analysis of families in large genomic datasetsR35GM133805 · NIGMS · CORNELL UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAMS, AMY LYNNE · 2019 to 2023
$1.6M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG012287NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM133805
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Founded in 1634, St. Mary's City was the first English settlement in the colony of Maryland. Despite existing written records and the ability of many present-day Americans to trace their ancestry to the historic city, substantial gaps remain in our knowledge of this early founder population. To address these gaps, we analyzed the genomes of 49 individuals from 17th-century St. Mary's City to trace their genetic ancestry, examine their enduring legacy, and demonstrate the efficacy of using an identity-by-descent (IBD) approach to link historical individuals to the present. In our analysis, we identified over 1.3 million genetic relatives of the St. Mary's individuals among research participants in the 23andMe Research Institute's database. We found high rates of genetic sharing with participants from western England and Wales, suggesting a likely place of origin for many of the colonial city's earliest inhabitants. Additionally, we observed strong genetic connections with participants from Kentucky, mirroring a recorded post-Revolutionary War migration of Maryland Catholics to that region. By further integrating genealogical information from present-day research participants who share the closest genetic connections to the St. Mary's individuals, we propose possible identities for three sequenced historical St. Mary's City residents, including Thomas Greene, the second governor of the colony of Maryland. This unique case study highlights the power of genetics to restore lost identities and reconstruct historical relationships by tracing geographic signals of ancestry. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Indexed as

Genetics, PopulationHistory, 17th CenturyHumansMarylandPedigreeancient DNAcolonial Americafounder populationsgenealogygenetic pedigreesidentification of remainsidentity-by-descentmigrationrestoring identity

Identifiers

PMID42140188
PMCPMC13487767

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.