Transforming poultry production with smart circular sustainability: Bridging digital innovation, circular economy, and risk management for long-term resilience.

The global poultry industry is facing increasing challenges and risks, including growing demand, climate change, resource depletion, and stringent regulations, alongside epidemic diseases, market volatility, and supply chain disruptions. These pressures necessitate a fundamental transformation toward more efficient, resilient, and sustainable production systems, highlighting the need for an integrated model that combines Circular Economy (CE), digital technologies, and risk management. Within this context, Smart Circular Sustainability (SCS) emerges as a comprehensive framework that integrates CE strategies, modern digital technology tools, and risk management, aiming to optimize resource use, reduce waste, and enhance productivity while ensuring environmental and economic resilience. This concept does not merely focus on incremental improvements; rather, it seeks to fundamentally restructure poultry production systems into intelligent, adaptive, and predictive systems capable of anticipating disruptions and effectively responding to complex uncertainties, while supporting animal welfare and ensuring long-term food security. This study aims to establish the concept of SCS in the poultry sector and to identify its practical implementation strategies. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative descriptive design supported by a systematic literature review conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, integrating peer-reviewed studies, international reports, and global case studies to ensure scientific rigor and analytical comprehensiveness. The findings highlight the need for a unified framework that integrates resource management efficiency, waste reduction, and risk management within a single holistic model to improve economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The study also presents structured strategic pathways for transitioning from traditional production systems to smart, circular, technology-driven systems, and risk management. The current study recommends adopting SCS as a strategic framework to guide production policies in the poultry industry, with an emphasis on low-cost, locally adaptable digital technologies, capacity-building programs, and enhanced multidisciplinary collaboration among academia, industry, and policymakers. Ultimately, this concept represents a transformative pathway toward a balanced poultry production system that integrates economic performance, environmental conservation, animal welfare, and sustainable resource governance for the benefit of future generations.