ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2026
Genetic Evidence of Cross-Border Plasmodium vivax Spread in a Malaria Pre-elimination Region of South Asia.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Building the toolkit to address malaria resurgence and radical cure of vivax malaria in Ethiopia: a meeting report.Malaria journal · 2026Article
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24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPlasmodium vivax is the predominant cause of malaria in South Asia. P. vivax cases have fallen over the past decade, but cross-border transmission remains a major challenge to elimination. Genetic data can generate valuable insights into transmission; however, until now, only low-resolution data have been available from Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. We piloted high-resolution genotyping using a new microhaplotype (multiallelic) assay to monitor P. vivax transmission across borders.
methodsGenotyping was conducted using the 93-microhaplotype vivaxGEN panel on P. vivax parasites collected from patients enrolled in clinical trials in Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal between 2013 and 2023. These data were compared with open-access microhaplotype and genomic data derived from Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan between 2014 and 2024. Complexity and relatedness (identity by descent [IBD]) were determined within and between countries.
resultsHigh-quality genotyping data were generated for Nepal (n = 19), Bhutan (n = 27), and Bangladesh (n = 35); comparative data were sourced from Afghanistan (n = 159), India (n = 24), and Pakistan (n = 213). High-complexity infections were observed in 27.04% (43/159) of isolates from Afghanistan, 16.43% (35/213) from Pakistan, and 28.57% (10/35) from Bangladesh. Low prevalence of high-complexity infections was observed in Bhutan (3.70%; 1/27) and Nepal (5.26%; 1/19), suggesting lower superinfection or co-infection. Country-wide IBD analyses revealed 3 genetic clusters partitioning Bangladesh and Bhutan (partial) from the remaining countries. There were 2 subpopulations in Bhutan, which separated local and cross-border imported cases.
conclusionsOur results highlight the use of regional high-resolution genetic data to enhance monitoring of transmission intensity and cross-border importations.
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