Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42139354›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Controlling thermoreversibility and hole conductivity in thermoresponsive ionic biogels using phase morphology for neurohaptics.

Ankan Dutta, Md Abu Sayeed Biswas, Ethan Gerhard, Mayukh Das, Long Meng, Wanqing Zhang, Wenjie Li, Arantza Moreno Calva, Shakul Pathak, Jia-Yu Yang and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Designing PEDOT:PSS hydrogels for bioelectronic interfaces.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Ankan DuttaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7572-5431
Md Abu Sayeed BiswasDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Ethan GerhardDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Mayukh DasDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Long MengDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8140-088X
Wanqing ZhangDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7298-5983
Wenjie LiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4509-3303
Arantza Moreno CalvaDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-1970-4764
Shakul PathakDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-3244-1670
Jia-Yu YangDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-7048-086X
Junyi YinPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3511-111X
Jordan MeyetMaterial Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6302-2256
Shuvendu DasDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Bed PoudelDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7760-2016
Abu Musa AbdullahDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Yuju CheDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2734-8256
Cheng-Hsin ChuangInstitute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0001-9097-1377
Jian YangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China.
Sihong WangPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3611-0004
Xiaogang HuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Saptarshi DasDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0188-945X
Huanyu ChengDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6075-4208

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Integrating thermoreversibility with electrical conductivity in a unified hydrogel platform enables long-term, reusable through-hair neural interfaces. However, achieving both simultaneously remains challenging, as thermoreversibility demands network reorganization while conductivity necessitates network percolation. Here, we engineer phase morphology by controlling the components' viscoelastic state during mixing. Ionically conductive nucleated morphologies illustrated by liquid-liquid phase separation exhibit rapid thermoreversibility, whereas electrically conductive bicontinuous phases demonstrated by viscoelastic phase separation achieve a marginal gel-sol transition and an ultralow storage modulus of ~1.7 kilopascals while simultaneously achieving a conductivity of 7.5 siemens per centimeter or transconductance of 5.1 millisiemens in an organic electrochemical transistor. Below this threshold, systems resemble nucleated behavior, whereas above it, superior semiconducting properties emerge, but phase transition capability is lost. These materials enable reusable through-hair neural interfaces to maintain low skin contact impedance of 1.6 kohm·cm

Identifiers

PMID42139354
PMCPMC13178564

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.