ArticleEchocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)2026
Echocardiographic Parameters and Athlete Performance: Associations and Training Profile Comparisons.
Article in Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThis study investigated standard and advanced echocardiographic parameters in endurance athletes with different training profiles, and their association with exercise performance.
methodsConsecutive endurance athletes undergoing cardiological screening or orthopedic evaluation for knee injuries at Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital underwent advanced echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Athletes were categorized into three groups: (1) Long-Distance (marathon and ultramarathon runners, n = 30); (2) Mid-Distance (middle-distance runners, n = 27); and (3) Detrained (≥ 6 months training interruption, n = 31).
resultsLeft ventricular ejection fraction did not differ among groups. The Long-Distance group had the highest stroke volume index, followed by the Mid-Distance and Detrained groups (p <0.001). Long-Distance athletes showed lower left ventricular global longitudinal strain (p = 0.003) and left atrial reservoir strain (p = 0.003) compared to the other groups, with no differences in right ventricular free wall strain. Myocardial work analysis showed higher work index and constructive work, and lower wasted work, leading to greater global work efficiency in the Long-Distance group (p <0.001). In multivariable linear regression analysis, stroke volume index (β = 1.02, p < 0.001) and global work efficiency (β = 1.00, p = 0.001) were independently associated with Peak VO
conclusionAdvanced echocardiography provides additional insights into the athlete's heart. Myocardial work indices reflect training-related cardiac adaptations, and left atrial reservoir strain is influenced by training status. These findings, together with the association of stroke volume index and global work efficiency with Peak VO
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