ArticleEuropean journal of clinical investigation2026
Sleep Apnoea Variability in Pacemaker Patients: A Women-Predominant Phenotype.
Article in European journal of clinical investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesSingle-night polysomnography assumes stable sleep apnoea (SA) severity; night-to-night variability may identify clinically relevant phenotypes, particularly in women. Sex/gender-specific longitudinal phenotypes were characterised using device-detected respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and an instability metric independent of mean severity.
methodsPacemaker patients in the prospective ACaSA study with at least 180 valid nightly RDI measurements after a 30-day post-implant period were analysed. Severity was summarised by mean RDI. Variability was summarised by an Instability Index (residual from the log-log regression of RDI standard deviation on mean RDI). Phenotypes were defined by mean RDI (< 20 vs. ≥ 20 events/h) and instability (above vs. below median).
resultsAbout 37,260 nights from 207 patients (median age 76 years, IQR [69-81]) were analysed. Four phenotypes were identified: Mild-Stable (n = 68), Mild-Unstable (n = 67), Severe-Stable (n = 35), and Severe-Unstable (n = 37). Women comprised 37.7% of the total cohort and they were disproportionately overrepresented in the Mild-Unstable versus in the Mild-Stable phenotype (61.2% vs. 33.8%; p = 0.002). Among patients with mean RDI < 20 (n = 135), female sex/gender (adjusted OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.60-7.40; p = 0.002) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
conclusionNight-to-night variability identifies longitudinal SA phenotypes not captured by mean RDI. A female- and obesity-predominant Mild-Unstable phenotype shows intermittent severe-range nights despite low average burden, while instability in severe SA increases the likelihood of underestimating severity when classification is based on a single-night test.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.