Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42138255›Full record

ArticleJournal of global health2026

Global burden of maternal disorders, 1990-2021: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 and challenges for achieving 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

Junliang Zhu, Changyu Ni, Siying Wei, Jianing Bi, Xiaojin Wang, Jinxin Zheng, Xueying Xu, Wenwen Lv, Weijie Cai, Zhongxun Dong and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of global health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Junliang Zhu *Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Changyu Ni *School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Siying WeiSchool of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jianing BiDepartment of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Xiaojin WangInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jinxin ZhengSchool of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xueying XuDepartment of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Wenwen LvInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Weijie CaiDepartment of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Zhongxun DongInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yejun WuInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Hongbo LiuDepartment of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Bingshun WangInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to below 70 deaths per 100 000 live births by 2030. However, progress has been uneven, with regional disparities and new challenges. We aimed to report global trends in maternal disorder burdens from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, we systematically analysed trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with maternal disorders from 1990 to 2021 and employed age-period-cohort (APC) models to assess changes in these indicators. For selected age-specific analyses, we additionally expressed incidence and DALY rates per 100 000 live births using age-specific fertility rates. We used the Bayesian APC model to forecast trends in maternal disorder incidence and mortality from 2022 to 2036. Results: From 1990 to 2021, there was a decrease in global incidence (38.5%), mortality (43.2%), and DALYs (61.4%) of maternal disorders. However, significant regional disparities persist. The burden was considerably lower in higher-sociodemographic-index regions than in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal haemorrhage and hypertensive disorders continue to represent the primary causes of mortality, with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths increasing, particularly among women aged 30-34 years and older. The APC model revealed that the age effect on maternal disorders initially decreased and then increased. The projected MMR of 136.5 (95% confidence interval = 100.2-172.7) per 100 000 live births by 2030 falls short of the SDG target of 70 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, indicating a markedly insufficient annual reduction rate. Conclusions: Despite a decrease in the global burden of maternal disorders, regional disparities persist. Major challenges include haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and increasing HIV/AIDS-related deaths. Achieving SDG targets by 2030 requires universal access to quality maternal care.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseMaternal MortalityPregnancy ComplicationsSustainable DevelopmentAdultDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansIncidencePregnancy

Identifiers

PMID42138255
PMCPMC13178056

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.