ArticleWestern journal of nursing research2026
Cervical Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Assessment With Immigrants in Australia.
Article in Western journal of nursing research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA body of literature consistently highlights that women from minority cultures have been an underserved group in cervical screening.
objectiveWe aimed to report the development and psychometric assessment of the Cervical Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (CCSBQ), a culturally sensitive questionnaire for measuring immigrant women's beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes towards cervical cancer and its screening.
methodsA convenience sample of 871 women, recruited from various ethnic organizations for this study, was split into 2 sets for development and validation of the CCSBQ. Items for the questionnaire were drawn from a literature review and a preliminary study conducted by the team. A panel of professional experts and lay women evaluated face and content validity. Multi-trait analysis and Cronbach's alpha were used to assess its factor structure, convergent-divergent validity, internal consistency and construct validity.
resultsA17-item, 3-subscale version of the CCSBQ was formed. Psychometric examination confirmed its 3-factor structure. All items showed a correlation coefficient ≥0.39 with its subscale score. Cronbach's alpha of the 3 subscales ranged from 0.71 to 0.88. Women, who had ever heard of cervical cancer and cervical screening, and screening participation, including ever attended, attended in the last 5 years as recommended and having intention to attend in the near future, had more proactive attitudes to health check-ups, better knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening, and perceived fewer barriers to cervical screening.
conclusionThe CCSBQ is culturally appropriate, valid and reliable for measuring immigrant women's attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.