ArticleHealth science reports2026
Exploration of the Temporal Trends, Prevalence, and Factors of Acute Respiratory Infection or Diarrhoea: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Three National Surveys.
Article in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Numerous interventions have been targeted to reduce the burden of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhoea in Bangladesh. Both remain the leading causes of mortality in children under 5 (U5C). We aimed to examine the temporal trends, prevalence, and factors associated with ARI and diarrhoea using three nationally representative surveys. Methods: We utilised data from three nationally representative surveys in Bangladesh: the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-2018, BDHS 2022, and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019. Analyses included the Cochran-Armitage test for trend, a multiple-adjusted binomial logistic regression model, slope and relative indices of inequality (RII), and the Mantel-Haenszel test with an approximate test of homogeneity of odds ratios. A Results: A total of 39,919 U5C were included for ARI and 39,875 U5C for diarrhoea. A downward, monotonic trend was observed in ARI prevalence from 3.1% in 2017-2018 to 1.4% in 2022. In contrast, diarrhoea prevalence increased from 4.9% in 2017-2018 to 6.9% in 2019 and declined to 4.8% in 2022. Male children were associated with higher odds of ARI (aOR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04-1.82), and younger children were associated with lower odds of diarrhoea (aOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.98 in 2017-2018). Relative inequality remained significant for both ARI (RII: 2.36 in 2017-2018) and diarrhoea (RII: 1.92 in 2022), indicating disparities across wealth groups. Heterogeneity across survey years was observed only for the association of underweight status and wealth index with diarrhoea. Conclusion: ARI prevalence declined by a 2.2-fold over 5 years, suggesting effectiveness of existing child health strategies, including immunisation and IMCI. Diarrhoea showed no consistent decline. Risk remained higher among male and younger children, with persistent socioeconomic inequalities. Steps should also be taken to consider wealth-related accessibility and feasibility for future policy-focused recommendations.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.