ArticleACS ES&T water2026
First Detection of Xylazine in Texas Wastewater and Its Association with Fentanyl Use.
Article in ACS ES&T water, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Xylazine is a veterinary sedative increasingly found in the U.S. illicit drug supply and is a growing public health concern due to its association with overdose events. To investigate its spatial distribution and relationship with fentanyl use, we analyzed 124 wastewater samples from four treatment plants serving the City of El Paso, Texas, over 13 months (June 2023 to July 2024) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Xylazine detections varied across sewersheds, with detection rates of 29.0%, 12.9%, 9.7%, and 0% and peak loads of 110±40 μg/day/1000 people. Norfentanyl (a primary fentanyl metabolite) was detected in all samples (100%), reaching peak loads of 2400±300 μg/day/1000 people. Sewersheds with higher xylazine detection exhibited significantly higher norfentanyl loads (p<0.05), suggesting a community-level association between xylazine and fentanyl use. This study provides the first evidence of xylazine in Texas wastewater and demonstrates the utility of wastewater monitoring for tracking emerging drug trends. These findings could inform resource allocation and public health planning for harm reduction services, including xylazine awareness programs.
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Registered trials
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