Case Report: B-cell-targeted therapy with ofatumumab achieves remission in refractory panuveitis and coexisting multiple sclerosis.

Objectives/methods: In this case report, we present a patient with severe, refractory non-infectious panuveitis and concomitant multiple sclerosis who failed conventional immunosuppressive therapies and biologics. Non-infectious uveitis is a vision-threatening inflammatory disorder commonly driven by T-cell-mediated immune mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests however that B cells also contribute substantially to disease pathogenesis through cytokine production, antigen presentation, and modulation of immune responses. Results: After multiple panuveitis relapses despite conventional and experimental treatment, including anti-CD52 therapy with alemtuzumab, the B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibody ofatumumab was initiated, resulting in sustained clinical remission and preservation of visual function. Discussion: This case highlights the potential role of B cells in the immunopathogenesis of non-infectious uveitis and suggests that B-cell-targeted therapy may represent an effective therapeutic option for patients with refractory disease, particularly in the context of coexisting autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis.