ReviewJournal of clinical and experimental dentistry2026
Comparative evaluation of nano-hydroxyapatite-silica modified glass ionomer cement as a luting agent for stainless steel crowns using the Hall technique: An in vitro study.
Review in Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Nano-hydroxyapatite and silica incorporation into glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been proposed to enhance their physical and biological properties. In paediatric dentistry, the Hall technique relies heavily on the sealing ability of luting cements used for stainless steel crown (SSC) placement. This study aimed to compare the microleakage of nano-hydroxyapatite-silica incorporated glass ionomer cement (nano-HA-silica GIC) with conventional GIC and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) when used as luting agents for SSCs placed using the Hall technique. Material and Methods: Thirty extracted human primary molars were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 10). Stainless steel crowns were cemented using conventional GIC, nano-HA-silica GIC, or RMGIC following the Hall technique protocol. Specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye, sectioned longitudinally, and evaluated under a digital microscope to assess dye penetration. Microleakage values were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Games-Howell post hoc test. Results: Statistically significant differences in microleakage were observed among the three groups (p < 0.001). RMGIC demonstrated significantly lower microleakage compared with both conventional GIC (mean difference = 1.568) and nano-HA-silica GIC (mean difference = 2.290). No statistically significant difference was observed between conventional GIC and nano-HA-silica GIC (mean difference = 0.722). Conclusions: Nano-hydroxyapatite-silica incorporated GIC exhibited comparable sealing ability to conventional GIC; however, RMGIC demonstrated superior resistance to microleakage when used as a luting cement for SSCs placed using the Hall technique. Further studies are required to evaluate the long-term clinical performance of nano-HA-silica modified GIC.
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Registered trials
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