ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Case Report: Evolution of a BRAF V600E-mutant papillary thyroid carcinoma from latissimus dorsi metastasis and squamous transformation to PD-L1 upregulation and effective immunotherapy.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This case report describes an unusual clinical course of a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The patient sequentially developed metastases to the cervical lymph nodes, lungs, pleura, and brain. Following tumor invasion into the latissimus dorsi muscle, a biopsy of this metastatic lesion revealed a BRAF V600E-mutant squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) phenotype indicating a high-grade dedifferentiation from the primary PTC. This metastatic focus also demonstrated upregulation of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Subsequently, the patient exhibited a robust sensitivity to treatment with a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor and chemotherapy. This case highlights a highly aggressive evolutionary pattern of PTC and its associated potential for immunotherapy, providing valuable insights for the clinical management of thyroid cancer.
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