ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
The immune microenvironment of the central nervous system and neuromodulation: new perspectives in lung cancer brain metastases research.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) from lung cancer remain a devastating complication that severely compromises patient survival. Its development is driven by dynamic and complex interactions between tumor cells and the central nervous system microenvironment, involving blood-brain barrier disruption, immunosuppressive niche formation, neural co-optation, metabolic adaptation, and peripheral immune dysregulation. Current strategies face intrinsic resistance and delivery barriers. This review aimed to systematically examine these mechanisms and therapeutic frontiers, including emerging interventions that preserve vascular-neural integrity, intercept neurotransmitter-mediated tumor support, reprogram brain resident cells, exploit metabolic vulnerabilities, and engineer advanced delivery systems, thereby proposing directions to overcome therapeutic challenges in lung cancer BM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.