Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42136397›Full record

Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2026

Three Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid Versus Four Months of Daily Rifampicin for Tuberculosis Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Vicky W L Chang, Qingbin Li, David Barnes, Anthony L Byrne, Jin-Gun Cho, SooWei Foo, Hazel Goldberg, Timothy Gray, Zinta Harrington, Lydia M Rofail and 2 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Vicky W L ChangFaculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4880-9082
Qingbin LiFaculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0009-0003-7882-1319
David BarnesFaculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Anthony L ByrneUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3192-0726
Jin-Gun ChoFaculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0735-4691
SooWei FooConcord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0009-0008-8763-4298
Hazel GoldbergSt George Hospital, Kogarah, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Timothy GrayFaculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2591-0284
Zinta HarringtonUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8104-5598
Lydia M RofailFaculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0009-0009-4244-9125
Evan UlbrichtWestmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Gregory J FoxFaculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTreatment of tuberculosis infection (TBI) is a key pillar of the World Health Organization End TB Strategy. Two short-course rifamycin-based regimens-3 months of weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine (3HP) and 4 months of daily rifampicin (4RIF)-are widely recommended; however, they have not previously been directly compared in a randomized controlled trial. We compared treatment completion between 3HP and 4RIF among individuals with TBI.

methodsWe conducted a multicenter, open-label, parallel-group randomized controlled trial across 7 tuberculosis clinics in Sydney, Australia, between July 2019 and June 2024. Participants of any age with TBI were randomized 1:1, stratified by site, to receive either weekly 3HP or daily 4RIF. All doses were self-administered. Participants in the 3HP group received weekly Short Message Service (SMS) adherence reminders; both groups received standard clinic follow-up. The primary outcome was treatment completion, defined as ingestion of ≥90% of prescribed doses. Analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis.

resultsA total of 210 participants were enrolled (106 assigned to 3HP and 104 to 4RIF). Treatment completion was significantly higher in the 3HP group (84.9%) than in the 4RIF group (65.4%; relative risk, 1.30 [95% confidence interval, 1.22-1.38]; P < .001). Adverse events of any grade occurred in 24.5% of participants receiving 3HP and 20.2% receiving 4RIF. No treatment-related deaths were reported.

conclusionsWeekly 3HP supported by SMS reminders achieved significantly higher treatment completion than daily 4RIF, with similar safety. These findings support broader implementation of 3HP to optimize adherence and outcomes in TBI treatment programs. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001672246).

Indexed as

Antitubercular AgentsIsoniazidRifampinTuberculosisAdultAustraliaDrug Administration ScheduleDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeAntitubercular AgentsIsoniazidRifampinrifapentine3HP regimen4RIF regimentreatment completiontuberculosis infectiontuberculosis-preventive therapy

Identifiers

PMID42136397
PMCPMC13644878

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.