ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated demographic factors in privately-owned dogs, cats, and community cats in Hong Kong.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic protozoan parasite of humans and animals, with cats as the definitive host. This study investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies and associated demographic factors in 1,110 dogs and cats in Hong Kong including 425 owned dogs, 425 owned cats, and 260 free-roaming "community" cats.
methodsSerum samples were tested using an indirect ELISA, and signalment data, including age, breed, sex, neutering status, and health status, were recorded. Fisher's exact test and correspondence analysis were used to evaluate the associations between seropositivity and demographic factors.
resultsThe overall apparent seroprevalence was 4.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.5-6.1%), and was more than three times higher in community cats (11.2%; 95% CI: 7.6-15.6%) compared with privately-owned dogs (3.1%; 95% CI: 1.6-5.2%) and privately-owned cats (2.4%; 95% CI: 1.1-4.3%). Correspondence analysis revealed that being seronegative among privately-owned dogs was associated with older, male neutered, purebred dogs, while seronegative among privately-owned cats was associated with purebred neutered male cats aged 5-10 years. In community cats, being seronegative was associated with healthy females.
conclusionThe findings highlight the low overall T. gondii seroprevalence in cats from Hong Kong. In addition, the very low seroprevalence in privately-owned animals compared to free-roaming community cats is likely due to controlled living conditions that preclude or limit outdoor access, and ingestion of prey or raw-meat diets. The results of this study underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, such as trap-neuter-return programs to mitigate T. gondii transmission risks to humans and animals. Further research is essential to identify contributing factors and develop effective control strategies for T. gondii in urban environments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.