ArticleBMC microbiology2026
Clinically significant Klebsiella pneumoniae persistence in wastewater: co-occurrence of virulence and multidrug resistance genes.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic Surveillance of ESBL-ProducingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Interconnected Reservoirs: Virulence & Biofilm Traits of ESBL-Microorganisms · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWastewater monitoring is an effective approach for assessing public health, providing insight into circulating pathogens and their associated antimicrobial resistance genes. Klebsiella pneumoniae, a clinically and environmentally significant opportunistic pathogen, was investigated in this study.
methods120 wastewater samples were collected from various sources, and the isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 11 antibiotics, in addition to PCR-based detection of β-lactamase and virulence genes.
resultsAmong 81 K. pneumoniae isolates from different wastewater sources, 51% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, with hospital wastewater being the main source of resistant strains (74.2%), followed by community wastewater (50%), WWTP influent (35%), and effluent (21.4%). Resistance was most frequent to ampicillin/sulbactam (35.8%), whereas gentamicin showed the highest efficacy (4.9%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 53.7% of resistant isolates, primarily in samples from hospitals (69.6%) and WWTP influents (57.1%). ESBL producers accounted for 67.5% of isolates, while 32.5% co-produced ESBLs and carbapenemases. The bla
conclusionOverall, wastewater from diverse sources constitutes a significant reservoir of multidrug-resistant and virulent K. pneumoniae strains. Their environmental release poses a considerable public health risk, highlighting the urgent need for improved wastewater management and continuous microbial surveillance.
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