Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42135623›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2026

Pyrolysis temperature regulates biochar-soil interactions to enhance cation exchange capacity, plant growth, and photosynthetic performance.

Muhammad Usman Ghani, Yingting Gong, Tingrui Lin, Yinghui Xu, Ting Zeng, Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Waseem, Shaoying Ai

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Muhammad Usman GhaniKey Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
Yingting GongKey Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
Tingrui LinKey Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
Yinghui XuKey Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
Ting ZengKey Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
Muhammad KamranCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
Muhammad WaseemState Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
Shaoying AiKey Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China. shaoyingai@21cn.com.

Funding

2025 Provincial Agricultural Sci-Tech Innovation & Extension Program 2025JCJC10Agricultural and Rural Environmental Management Service Project 019250325Natural Science Foundation of China 42277259
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPoor nutrient retention in agricultural soils limits crop productivity and fertilizer use efficiency. Enhancing the soil capacity to retain cations such as Ca

resultsThe effects of urea alone (UA) and biochar produced at 300, 500, and 700 °C, blended with urea (BB300, BB500, BB700), and impregnated with urea (IB300, IB500, IB700), were evaluated in a soil-plant system of water spinach. Among all treatments, IB500 was the most effective, significantly improving key soil properties, including cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the availability of Ca

conclusionBiochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C and impregnated with urea showed strong potential as a multifunctional soil amendment, enhancing nutrient retention, soil fertility, and plant physiological performance. These findings identify pyrolysis temperature as a key regulator of biochar, soil, and nutrient interactions, offering a mechanistic and sustainable strategy to improve crop productivity through rhizosphere optimization.

Indexed as

CharcoalPhotosynthesisSoilCationsPlant RootsPyrolysisTemperatureUreabiocharCationsCharcoalSoilUreaCation exchange capacityNutrient retentionPhotosynthetic efficiencyPyrolysis temperatureRoot system architectureUrea biochar integration

Identifiers

PMID42135623
PMCPMC13255512

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.