Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42135332›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Optimal distributed generation allocation considering renewable and load uncertainties.

Abdullah M Alharbi, Ahmed A Zaki Diab

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Abdullah M AlharbiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia. am.alharbi@psau.edu.sa.
Ahmed A Zaki DiabElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minya, 61111, Egypt. a.diab@mu.edu.eg.

Funding

Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University The authors extend their appreciation to Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University for funding this research work through the project number (PSAU/2025/33661).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The integration of distributed generation (DG) into electrical networks offers technical and environmental benefits, including reduced power losses, improved voltage stability, and enhanced reliability. Improper DG placement or sizing, however, can degrade network performance. This study addresses optimal DG allocation under uncertainty, focusing on voltage profiles and stability indices in distribution networks. Variations in photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) generation due to solar irradiance and wind speed are considered. Seven optimization algorithms-FVIM, SBO, SCSO, PSO, WOA, ALO, and Harmony Optimization-are applied and compared. Two DG types (active power only and active-reactive power) and a hybrid scenario with capacitor banks are analyzed. The IEEE-33 bus network is used as a test system. Results show reductions in total annual cost ($7.654 M → $2.614 M), voltage deviations (38.376 p.u. → 10.826 p.u.), and power losses (4043.462 kW → 2500.466 kW). Minimum voltage improved from 0.9065 to 0.9538 p.u. WOA achieves the lowest overall cost ($2,614,363), followed by PSO ($2,648,914) and FVIM ($2,699,308). FVIM demonstrates consistent technical performance, with total VDDT of 11.3144 p.u., VSIT of 730.6071, minimum bus voltage of 0.9527 p.u., and total active/reactive losses of 2789.703 kW and 2029.58 kVAr, maintaining a strong balance between economic and operational objectives.

Indexed as

Distributed generationOptimizationRenewable energy resourcesUncertainty

Identifiers

PMID42135332
PMCPMC13369865

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.