ArticleNPJ science of food2026
Chinese bayberry exosome-like nanoparticles attenuate DSS-induced colitis via immunomodulation, barrier restoration, and microbiota remodeling.
Article in NPJ science of food, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder characterized by intestinal barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation, with limited safe and effective therapeutic options available. Owing to their biocompatibility and bioactivity, plant exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) have emerged as promising natural nanotherapeutics. In this study, exosome-like nanovesicles from Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) were isolated, characterized, and termed BELNs to investigate their therapeutic potential against IBD. Purified BELNs exhibited a typical bilayer membrane structure with a 100-300 nm size. Lipidomic, proteomic, and miRNA sequencing analyses revealed that BELNs contain bioactive components, including diacylglycerols, sphingomyelin, specific proteins, miRNAs, and polyphenols like cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. In vitro experiments demonstrated that BELNs were internalized by RAW 264.7 macrophages via galactose-mediated endocytosis, reducing LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10. In vivo, orally administered BELNs accumulated predominantly in the murine gastrointestinal tract. In a DSS-induced IBD model, BELNs alleviated disease symptoms, preserved intestinal tissue integrity, and enhanced barrier function by upregulating tight junction protein ZO-1 and mucin MUC2. Additionally, BELNs remodeled the gut microbiota by decreasing Escherichia-Shigella and enriching beneficial short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. These findings highlight BELNs' potential as safe and effective nanotherapeutics for treating ulcerative colitis through immunoregulation, barrier repair, and microbiota modulation.
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