Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42134985›Full record

ArticleGenome research2026

Characterizing cytosine methylation of polymorphic transposable element insertions using the human pangenome resources.

Xiaoyu Zhuo, Chad Tomlinson, Edward A Belter, Prashant Kumar Kuntala, Wesley N Saintilnord, Juan Jiang, Tina Lindsay, Juan F. Macias-Velasco, Robert S Fulton, Ting Wang and 1 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Erratum issued
    cannot locate PMID
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xiaoyu ZhuoDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1400-5609
Chad TomlinsonMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
Edward A BelterMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
Prashant Kumar KuntalaDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Wesley N SaintilnordDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Juan JiangDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Tina LindsayDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Juan F. Macias-VelascoDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Robert S FultonDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Ting WangDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA; twang@genetics.wustl.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6800-242X
Human Pangenome Reference Consortium

Funding

Center for Multiomic Human Brain Cell AtlasUM1MH130994 · NIMH · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI MARIA MARGARITA BEHRENS, Joseph R Ecker · 2022 to 2026
$92.4M
WashU-VAI Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues (SMaHT) Program Genome Characterization CenterUM1DA058219 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Robert Scott Fulton, Hui Shen · 2023 to 2026
$29.1M
The WashU-UCSC-EBI Human Genome Reference Center."U41HG010972 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ting Wang · 2019 to 2026
$24.9M
WashU-Northwestern Genomic Variation and Function Data and Administrative Coordinating CenterU24HG012070 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ting Wang, Feng Yue · 2021 to 2026
$9.7M
Center for Integrated Multi-modal and Multi-scale Nucleome ResearchUM1HG011585 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DULAC, CATHERINE, LEIN, ED · 2020 to 2024
$6.7M
WashU Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues (SMaHT) Program Organizational CenterU24NS132103 · NINDS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI FULTON, LUCINDA, LAWSON, HEATHER A. · 2023 to 2025
$4.5M
DECODING THE IMPACT OF TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS ON GENE REGULATIONR01HG007175 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI WANG, TING · 2014 to 2021
$2.7M
Connecting transposable elements and regulatory innovation using ENCODE dataU01HG009391 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI COHEN, BARAK A, FESCHOTTE, CEDRIC · 2017 to 2021
$2.4M
The WashU 4DN Network Data Coordination and Integration CenterU01CA200060 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI WANG, TING · 2015 to 2019
$1.9M
NCI NIH HHS U01 CA200060NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG007175NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG009391NHGRI NIH HHS U24 HG012070NHGRI NIH HHS U41 HG010972NHGRI NIH HHS UM1 HG011585NIDA NIH HHS UM1 DA058219NIMH NIH HHS UM1 MH130994NINDS NIH HHS U24 NS132103
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cytosine methylation, a crucial epigenetic modification, plays a vital role in genomic regulation. Leveraging the advancements in long-read sequencing, we investigate the methylation patterns of polymorphic transposable element (TE) insertions of human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). We validate the high concordance between long-read methylation calls and the conventional whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) method. We then aim to establish general rules of TE methylation with our data by addressing three key questions: (1) what is the methylation profile of each insertion; (2) do newly inserted TEs adopt the methylation pattern of their genomic context; and (3) do new TE insertions affect the methylation of their flanking regions. Although most non-TE insertions exhibit DNA methylation patterns consistent with their genomic context, TE insertions are generally highly methylated, exhibiting distinct, class-specific patterns with some variation within TE bodies. A small percentage of

Indexed as

CytosineDNA MethylationDNA Transposable ElementsGenome, HumanMutagenesis, InsertionalPolymorphism, GeneticAlu ElementsCpG IslandsEpigenesis, GeneticHumansWhole Genome SequencingCytosineDNA Transposable Elements

Identifiers

PMID42134985
PMCPMC13262945

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.