ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2026
Aqueous Humor Cytokine Profiles in Congenital Cataracts With Posterior Polar Abnormality and Associations With Postoperative Complications.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To characterize the aqueous humor (AH) cytokine profiles across clinical subtypes of congenital cataracts with posterior polar abnormality (PPA) and to assess their associations with postoperative complications. Methods: This prospective study included 96 eyes with congenital cataracts divided into a PPA group (n = 78) and non-PPA controls (n = 18). The PPA group was stratified into four clinical subtypes: congenital cataract with persistent fetal vasculature (PFV, n = 27), posterior polar cataract (PPC; n = 16), posterior lenticonus (PL; n = 17), and posterior capsule defect (PCD; n = 18). Baseline demographics and biometrics were collected. Thirteen cytokines in AH were measured using Luminex xMAP technology. Postoperative complications, including visual axis opacification (VAO) and glaucoma-related adverse events, were evaluated with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Results: The PPA group showed differences in several cytokines compared with non-PPA controls, including higher vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and lower fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) and platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) (all q < 0.05, false discovery rate adjusted). Cytokine patterns varied across PPA subtypes, with substantial overlap. PFV showed higher levels of several markers, whereas PPC and PL showed lower levels. In exploratory Firth logistic regression, higher NT-4 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.36; P = 0.028) and PDGF-AA (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12; P = 0.027) were associated with postoperative VAO. Conclusions: PPA showed AH cytokine differences compared with non-PPA controls. Across PPA subtypes, cytokine distributions showed substantial overlap despite exploratory differences in several markers. Higher NT-4 and PDGF-AA were associated with postoperative VAO in exploratory analyses and warrant further validation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.