Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42131994›Full record

SynthesisPulmonary medicine2026

Long-Term Oxygen Therapy and Cognitive Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review.

Shaikh Fawwad, Saed S K Makhlouf, Mazen Mahgoub, Roba Sabri Kamel Makhlouf, Sumaiya Monjur, Nandita Thapar

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Pulmonary medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shaikh FawwadDepartment of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA, utoledo.edu.
Saed S K MakhloufDepartment of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China, hust.edu.cn.
Mazen MahgoubDepartment of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, alexu.edu.eg.
Roba Sabri Kamel MakhloufDepartment of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem Governorate, State of Palestine, alquds.edu.
Sumaiya MonjurDepartment of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, dmc.edu.bd.
Nandita ThaparDepartment of Internal Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Kaski, Nepal, manipal.edu.np.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3736-1263

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study is aimed at evaluating the association between long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) and cognitive function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

methodsWe conducted a systematic literature search across major databases for observational studies comparing cognitive outcomes between COPD patients receiving LTOT (≥ 15 h/day) and those not receiving it. Cognitive performance was evaluated using validated tools like the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Trail Making Tests (TMT-A/B). Due to heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures, a narrative synthesis was performed.

resultsWe included five studies involving 1849 participants (343 LTOT users) in this review. LTOT use was generally associated with a lower prevalence of cognitive impairment (18%-45%) and higher global cognitive scores, particularly in executive functions. MoCA-based assessments also consistently favored LTOT users, particularly in rural populations. However, findings were heterogeneous across studies.

conclusionLTOT is associated with better cognitive performance in hypoxemic COPD patients. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality between LTOT use and reduction in cognitive impairment in COPD.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionOxygen Inhalation TherapyPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveExecutive FunctionHumans

Identifiers

PMID42131994
PMCPMC13173359

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.