SynthesisFrontiers in public health2026
A comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological evidence on processed meat intake in relation to cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic diseases and all-cause mortality: an umbrella review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Standard Therapy Plus Adjunctive Vegan Lifestyle Intervention in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Case Report.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses, systematically summarizing the current evidence on the topic and exploring the relationship between processed meat (PM) consumption and various health outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the relationship between PM consumption and health outcomes from the inception of each database until May 2025. This is a descriptive umbrella review that summarizes existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses without conducting further quantitative re-analysis of summary estimates using random- or fixed-effects models or prediction intervals. A total of 34 articles and 54 meta-analyses were included in the review. Use the validated AMSTAR2 tool to assess the methodological quality of studies included in the meta-analysis, and use GRADE to assign the level of evidence quality. Results: The key dose-response results reported below were selected based on their high public health relevance and stable effect estimates across the included meta-analyses. Consumption of PM was found to be associated with higher risks of various cancers, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and all-cause mortality. Dose-response analysis revealed that an increase in PM consumption of 50 g/day was associated with a 72% higher risk of gastric cancer, 17% higher risk of colorectal cancer, 4% higher risk of prostate cancer, and an 8% higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). All the above dose-response associations are based on low to very low certainty evidence as assessed by the GRADE system. Conclusion: Most studies suggest that PM consumption is associated with diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders, but the certainty of evidence for most outcomes is rated as low or very low by the GRADE system. Based on the report from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO-IARC) and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), no level of PM intake can be confidently considered safe for the prevention of chronic diseases such as colorectal cancer. Future research should include more well-designed prospective studies and randomized controlled trials to further explore the associations between PM consumption and various health outcomes.
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